Temperature, as a basic and important environmental parameter, is the temperature vary inside which many chemical reactions and biological processes are optimized, and even the efficiency of some digital circuits is managed by temperature. Therefore, the measurement of temperature plays a pivotal role in experimentation and engineering, and a wide range of methods have been developed for its detection. Overall, temperature measurement and monitoring are key elements of scientific analysis and engineering functions.
Table of Contents
What is a temperature sensor?
Temperature Sensor Applications
How do temperature sensors work?
Temperature Sensor Types
Contact Temperature Sensors
Thermocouples
Thermistors
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD
Semiconductor Sensors (IC)
Thermostat
Thermometers
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
How to choose a temperature sensor?
How to maintain the temperature sensor?
Summary
What is a temperature sensor?
A temperature sensor is a temperature measuring system. It converts heat (temperature) right into a readable form such as an electrical signal corresponding to current, voltage or resistance.
Measuring instrument close up in business zone
Temperature Sensor Applications
Industrial
Medical field
Environmental monitoring
Electronic gear
Food and beverage industry
Pharmaceutical industry
How do temperature sensors work?
Temperature sensors take temperature readings by the use of an electrical signal. They include two metals that produce a change in voltage or resistance when the temperature adjustments. Temperature sensor work is predicated on measuring the voltage across the terminals of a diode. As pressure gauge น้ำมัน , the temperature will increase accordingly, at which level there is a decrease in voltage between the terminals and emitter of the transistor.
Temperature Sensor Types
Contact Temperature Sensors
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
Contact Temperature Sensors
A contact temperature sensor is a sensor that should be in direct contact with the item to be measured to find a way to measure its temperature. Contact temperature sensors make the most of completely different physical properties (e.g., resistance, voltage, present, and so on.) for temperature measurement, and their modifications can mirror the temperature of the item to be measured.
Thermocouples
Thermocouple temperature sensors are most commonly used in industrial, automotive, and on a daily basis family applications. Because they are self-powered, they do not require excitation, have fast response instances, and can function over the widest temperature ranges (-328 to 3182 °F/-200 °C to 1750 °C). A thermocouple is a hoop of two different steel wires wound together to supply a voltage change between the 2 metals that’s proportional to the temperature change.
Thermocouples are produced from a number of completely different materials, allowing temperature sensors to measure completely different temperature ranges and sensitivities. The most commonly used thermocouple sensor is the K-type, and all different thermocouples are additionally designated utilizing the letters (J, R, and T).
Thermistors
A thermistor, similar to an RTD, is a resistor whose resistance modifications with temperature. They are often manufactured from a polymer or ceramic covered with a glass surface, which is why they’re cheaper and less correct than RTDs. There are two major forms of thermistors: optimistic temperature coefficient (PTC) and adverse temperature coefficient (NTC).
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors are the most typical type and are characterized by a lower in resistance because the temperature increases. This is because at higher temperatures, the number of carriers (electrons and holes) in the semiconductor materials increases, which lowers the resistance. Glass-encapsulated thermistors have an working range of -72.4 to 482 °F (-50 to 250 °C), and normal thermistors have an operating range as excessive as 302 °F (150 °C).
Apure PCT Thermocouple Temperature Transmitters with RTDs and thermocouples are field-installed temperature transformer items with a two-wire technique with non-linear correction circuitry for direct measurement in industrial processes.
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)
A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) is a temperature sensor that operates on the precept of measuring temperature by using the property of resistance to alter with temperature. The resistance of a metallic conductor is proportional to its absolute temperature over a given temperature range. The corresponding temperature may be determined by measuring the resistance.RTDs are normally made from pure metals, particularly platinum, which has very good stability and linearity over a big temperature vary.
RTD Configuration:
Two-wire: Used when lead lengths are quick sufficient that resistance doesn’t have an effect on accuracy.
Three-wire: This configuration provides an RTD probe to carry the excitation current, thus offering a method to remove line resistance.
Four-wire: This wire eliminates line resistance by combining separate force and sense leads. This is probably the most accurate configuration.
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD
AdvantagesDisadvantages
High precisionLow sensitivity
Linear outputHigher value
Long-term stabilityHigher requirements for current sources
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD Table
Semiconductor Sensors (IC)
Semiconductor-based temperature sensors are usually integrated into built-in circuits (ICs). Two similar diodes with temperature-sensitive voltages monitor temperature changes. IC sensors have a linear response, however they have the bottom temperature sensor accuracy. This is because ICs have the slowest response over a slim temperature range (- -70 °C to a hundred and fifty °C).
There are two types of IC:
Local Temperature Sensors: measure temperature using the bodily properties of transistors. They can use analog or digital outputs.
Remote digital temperature sensors: measure the temperature of an external transistor. The transistor is situated away from the sensor chip.
Thermostat
A thermostat is a tool that automatically adjusts the temperature, often primarily based on readings from temperature sensors (such as thermocouples, thermistors, or temperature-sensitive capacitors) that measure the temperature of the environment. When the measured temperature exceeds or falls beneath a set level, the thermostat activates or shuts down heating or cooling equipment to keep up the specified temperature.
There are many forms of thermostats out there, including knob-type, digital, programmable, and smart thermostats to meet the needs of various users.
Thermometers
Bimetallic thermometer is a mechanical device for measuring temperature that takes benefit of the reality that two totally different metals have totally different coefficients of thermal expansion. When the temperature modifications, the 2 metals in the bimetal expand or contract at different rates. Since the two metals are tightly bound together, this difference causes the complete bimetal to bend. In thermometers, this bimetal is often made right into a spiral or curved shape. As the temperature adjustments, the diploma of bimetal bending changes, and this modification may be learn instantly as a change in temperature.
Bimetal thermometers for temperature measurement
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
Non-contact temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature of an object with out direct contact with the goal floor. They depend on the thermal energy radiated by the object to measure temperature, the commonest type being infrared (IR) temperature sensors.
Infrared temperature sensors: These sensors measure the depth of infrared radiation emitted by a target object to determine its temperature. They are perfect for use when an object is moving or the temperature is just too high or too low, as they do not want to come into contact with the object itself.
Thermal imaging cameras: Thermal imaging cameras are also infrared sensors that measure and produce a two-dimensional image of the temperature distribution on the floor of an object.
Non-contact temperature sensors are used in all kinds of commercial and scientific functions, including temperature control of electronic devices, monitoring of chemical reactions, meals high quality management, and medical diagnostics.
Non-contact infrared sensors measure the temperature of industrial instruments
How to choose a temperature sensor?
Measuring range: Different temperature sensors have completely different measuring ranges. First decide the temperature range that must be measured, and select a sensor that may meet this vary.
Accuracy: Accuracy is one other important selection issue for temperature sensors. Different sensor sorts have completely different accuracies. Typically, RTDs and thermistors have greater accuracies, whereas thermocouples have decrease accuracies.
Environment: Temperature sensors are affected by their working environment, such as humidity, corrosive substances, high pressure and different environmental circumstances.
Application: Application eventualities require a fast response to temperature changes, so it could be very important select a sensor with a fast response time.
Valve stem (sheath): Thermocouples and RTDs are provided with 316 stainless-steel rods and internal wiring coated with powdered ceramic. Screw head styles can be found in two stem types: spring-loaded and welded. The spring-loaded stem is mounted to the bottom of the thermocouple sleeve for optimum thermal sensitivity. Welded stems are perfect for liquid functions.
How to take care of the temperature sensor?
Periodic Sensor Cleaning
Periodic calibration
Check electrical connections
Avoid excessive environments
Record and analyze information
Summary
Which temperature sensor to make use of is decided by your utility and business, when you have any questions about temperature sensors or need temperature transmitter, be happy to contact Apure professional and technical staff to offer an answer. We also supply devices for water high quality analysis, move meters, degree measurement, strain measurement, ozone turbines and temperature controller.
Extended studying:
Dissolved Oxygen Probe How It Works?
Surface Water vs Groundwater
What Is Municipal Water?
Types of stage measurement transmitters
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Temperature, as a fundamental and important environmental parameter, is the temperature range inside which many chemical reactions and organic processes are optimized, and even the performance of some digital circuits is managed by temperature. Therefore, the measurement of temperature plays a pivotal position in experimentation and engineering, and a selection of strategies have been developed for its detection. Overall, temperature measurement and monitoring are key features of scientific research and engineering functions.
Table of Contents
What is a temperature sensor?
Temperature Sensor Applications
How do temperature sensors work?
Temperature Sensor Types
Contact Temperature Sensors
Thermocouples
Thermistors
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD
Semiconductor Sensors (IC)
Thermostat
Thermometers
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
How to determine on a temperature sensor?
How to take care of the temperature sensor?
Summary
What is a temperature sensor?
A temperature sensor is a temperature measuring system. It converts heat (temperature) into a readable type similar to an electrical sign corresponding to present, voltage or resistance.
Measuring instrument shut up in trade zone
Temperature Sensor Applications
Industrial
Medical area
Environmental monitoring
Electronic equipment
Food and beverage business
Pharmaceutical business
How do temperature sensors work?
Temperature sensors take temperature readings by the use of an electrical signal. They include two metals that produce a change in voltage or resistance when the temperature modifications. Temperature sensor work is predicated on measuring the voltage throughout the terminals of a diode. As the voltage will increase, the temperature increases accordingly, at which point there is a decrease in voltage between the terminals and emitter of the transistor.
Temperature Sensor Types
Contact Temperature Sensors
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
Contact Temperature Sensors
A contact temperature sensor is a sensor that should be in direct contact with the thing to be measured in order to measure its temperature. Contact temperature sensors utilize completely different physical properties (e.g., resistance, voltage, present, and so on.) for temperature measurement, and their adjustments can mirror the temperature of the object to be measured.
Thermocouples
Thermocouple temperature sensors are mostly utilized in industrial, automotive, and everyday household purposes. Because they are self-powered, they do not require excitation, have quick response occasions, and might operate over the widest temperature ranges (-328 to 3182 °F/-200 °C to 1750 °C). A thermocouple is a hoop of two completely different metallic wires wound collectively to provide a voltage change between the 2 metals that is proportional to the temperature change.
Thermocouples are produced from a number of totally different supplies, allowing temperature sensors to measure completely different temperature ranges and sensitivities. The mostly used thermocouple sensor is the K-type, and all different thermocouples are additionally designated using the letters (J, R, and T).
Thermistors
A thermistor, similar to an RTD, is a resistor whose resistance adjustments with temperature. They are normally made of a polymer or ceramic covered with a glass floor, which is why they’re cheaper and less correct than RTDs. There are two main kinds of thermistors: constructive temperature coefficient (PTC) and unfavorable temperature coefficient (NTC).
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors are the most common sort and are characterized by a lower in resistance as the temperature increases. This is as a result of at larger temperatures, the variety of carriers (electrons and holes) within the semiconductor materials increases, which lowers the resistance. Glass-encapsulated thermistors have an operating vary of -72.four to 482 °F (-50 to 250 °C), and standard thermistors have an working range as high as 302 °F (150 °C).
Apure PCT Thermocouple Temperature Transmitters with RTDs and thermocouples are field-installed temperature transformer units with a two-wire method with non-linear correction circuitry for direct measurement in industrial processes.
Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD)
A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) is a temperature sensor that operates on the precept of measuring temperature by using the property of resistance to alter with temperature. The resistance of a metallic conductor is proportional to its absolute temperature over a given temperature vary. The corresponding temperature may be determined by measuring the resistance.RTDs are usually manufactured from pure metals, particularly platinum, which has very good stability and linearity over a large temperature vary.
RTD Configuration:
Two-wire: Used when lead lengths are quick enough that resistance does not have an result on accuracy.
Three-wire: This configuration adds an RTD probe to hold the excitation present, thus providing a approach to get rid of line resistance.
Four-wire: This wire eliminates line resistance by combining separate pressure and sense leads. This is essentially the most correct configuration.
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD
AdvantagesDisadvantages
High precisionLow sensitivity
Linear outputHigher value
Long-term stabilityHigher requirements for present sources
Advantages and Disadvantages of RTD Table
Semiconductor Sensors (IC)
Semiconductor-based temperature sensors are usually built-in into built-in circuits (ICs). Two identical diodes with temperature-sensitive voltages monitor temperature changes. IC sensors have a linear response, however they have the bottom temperature sensor accuracy. This is because ICs have the slowest response over a narrow temperature vary (- -70 °C to one hundred fifty °C).
There are two kinds of IC:
Local Temperature Sensors: measure temperature using the bodily properties of transistors. They can use analog or digital outputs.
Remote digital temperature sensors: measure the temperature of an exterior transistor. The transistor is located away from the sensor chip.
Thermostat
A thermostat is a device that automatically adjusts the temperature, often based on readings from temperature sensors (such as thermocouples, thermistors, or temperature-sensitive capacitors) that measure the temperature of the surroundings. When the measured temperature exceeds or falls beneath a set level, the thermostat prompts or shuts down heating or cooling equipment to maintain up the desired temperature.
There are many forms of thermostats out there, together with knob-type, digital, programmable, and smart thermostats to meet the wants of various users.
Thermometers
Bimetallic thermometer is a mechanical gadget for measuring temperature that takes advantage of the fact that two completely different metals have different coefficients of thermal enlargement. When the temperature changes, the two metals within the bimetal increase or contract at totally different rates. Since the two metals are tightly certain collectively, this difference causes the complete bimetal to bend. In thermometers, this bimetal is often made into a spiral or curved form. As the temperature modifications, the diploma of bimetal bending changes, and this alteration can be read directly as a change in temperature.
Bimetal thermometers for temperature measurement
Non-Contact Temperature Sensors
Non-contact temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature of an object with out direct contact with the target surface. They depend on the thermal power radiated by the object to measure temperature, the most typical kind being infrared (IR) temperature sensors.
Infrared temperature sensors: These sensors measure the depth of infrared radiation emitted by a goal object to determine its temperature. They are good for use when an object is moving or the temperature is too excessive or too low, as they don’t want to come back into contact with the object itself.
Thermal imaging cameras: Thermal imaging cameras are additionally infrared sensors that measure and produce a two-dimensional image of the temperature distribution on the floor of an object.
Non-contact temperature sensors are utilized in all kinds of industrial and scientific purposes, together with temperature control of digital units, monitoring of chemical reactions, food quality management, and medical diagnostics.
Non-contact infrared sensors measure the temperature of commercial instruments
How to determine on a temperature sensor?
Measuring vary: Different temperature sensors have totally different measuring ranges. First determine the temperature vary that must be measured, and choose a sensor that can meet this vary.
Accuracy: Accuracy is one other essential selection issue for temperature sensors. Different sensor varieties have different accuracies. Typically, RTDs and thermistors have higher accuracies, while thermocouples have decrease accuracies.
Environment: Temperature sensors are affected by their working setting, corresponding to humidity, corrosive substances, excessive stress and other environmental situations.
Application: Application eventualities require a quick response to temperature changes, so it is necessary to choose a sensor with a fast response time.
Valve stem (sheath): Thermocouples and RTDs are provided with 316 stainless-steel rods and inside wiring coated with powdered ceramic. Screw head kinds are available in two stem varieties: spring-loaded and welded. The spring-loaded stem is mounted to the bottom of the thermocouple sleeve for optimum thermal sensitivity. Welded stems are excellent for liquid applications.
How to keep up the temperature sensor?
Periodic Sensor Cleaning
Periodic calibration
Check electrical connections
Avoid excessive environments
Record and analyze data
Summary
Which temperature sensor to use is dependent upon your software and industry, if you have any questions on temperature sensors or want temperature transmitter, be at liberty to contact Apure professional and technical team to supply a solution. We additionally provide devices for water quality analysis, circulate meters, level measurement, pressure measurement, ozone mills and temperature controller.
Extended reading:
Dissolved Oxygen Probe How It Works?
Surface Water vs Groundwater
What Is Municipal Water?
Types of degree measurement transmitters